前言
- Apache网站服务
- MySQL服务
- LAMP架构应用实例
LAMP解释
linux apache mysql php/python
一 ： Apache简介
1.1 Apache 起源
- 源于a patchy server， 著名的开源Web服务软件
- 1995年时，发布apache服务程序的1.0版本
- 有apache软件基金会（ASF）负责维护
- 官方站点：http：//httpd.apache.org/
1.2 apache 官方网页
1.3 apache 主要特点
- 开放源代码、跨平台应用
- 支持多种网页编程语言
- 模块化设计、运行稳定、良好的安全性
1.4 软件版本
- 1.X
- 目前最高版本的是1.3，运行稳定
- 向下兼容性较好，但缺乏一些较新的功能
- 2.X
- 目前最高版本是2.6
- 具有更多的功能特性
- 与1.X相比，配置管理风格存在较大差异
二 ：编译安装httpd服务器
1.1 编译安装的优点
- 具有较大的自由度，功能可定制
- 可及时获得最新的软件版本
- 普遍适用于大多数Linux版本，便于移植使用
1.2 获得apache服务器的软件包
- 参考地址：http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
1.2 编译安装httpd步骤
1.2.1 准备工作
- 卸载httpd及相关依赖包————把环境清空
1.2.2 解压相关文件
- 挂载共享文件夹，使用mount.cifs，若是没有该命令，需要安装一个cifs-utils组件
[root@localhost ~]# cd / [root@localhost /]# mkdir abc [root@localhost /]# mount.cifs //192.168.254.10/linuxs /abc Password for root@//192.168.254.10/linuxs: [root@localhost /]# cd /abc [root@localhost abc]# ls apr-1.4.6.tar.gz MAC 记录与端口扫描脚本.txt apr-util-1.4.1.tar.gz pxe.txt dhcp.txt vsftpd添加虚拟用户脚本.TXT extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2 修改网卡为静态IP地址.txt httpd-2.4.2.tar.gz 开发系统监控脚本.txt john-1.8.0.tar.gz 引导系统脚本.txt LAMP-C7 测试网段是否存活，测试存活网段的21端口.txt LAMP-C7.rar 监控系统内存cpu磁盘容量1.0.txt LAMP-php5.6.txt [root@localhost abc]# cd LAMP-C7/ [root@localhost LAMP-C7]# ls apr-1.6.2.tar.gz httpd-2.4.29.tar.bz2 php-5.6.11.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz LAMP-php5.6.txt Discuz_X2.5_SC_UTF8.zip mysql-5.6.26.tar.gz [root@localhost LAMP-C7]#
- 解压压缩包，apr* 是支持跨平台的组件
```css
[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# tar xvjf httpd-2.4.29.tar.bz2 -C /opt
root@localhost LAMP-C7]# tar xvzf apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz -C /opt
[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# tar xvzf apr-1.6.2.tar.gz -C /opt
[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# cd /opt
[root@localhost opt]# ls
apr-1.6.2 apr-util-1.6.0 httpd-2.4.29 rh
[root@localhost opt]# mv apr-1.6.2/ httpd-2.4.29/s
server/ srclib/ support/
[root@localhost opt]# mv apr-1.6.2/ httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr
[root@localhost opt]# mv apr-util-1.6.0/ httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr-util
[root@localhost opt]# ls
httpd-2.4.29 rh
[root@localhost opt]#
[root@localhost opt]# cd httpd-2.4.29/
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE buildconf httpd.dsp libhttpd.mak README.cmake
acinclude.m4 CHANGES httpd.mak LICENSE README.platforms
Apache-apr2.dsw CMakeLists.txt httpd.spec Makefile.in ROADMAP
Apache.dsw config.layout include Makefile.win server
apache_probes.d configure INSTALL modules srclib
ap.d configure.in InstallBin.dsp NOTICE support
build docs LAYOUT NWGNUmakefile test
BuildAll.dsp emacs-style libhttpd.dep os VERSIONING
BuildBin.dsp httpd.dep libhttpd.dsp README
- yum安装编译包，环境包，gcc、gcc-c++、make、pcre-devel、expat-devel、perl，安装过了就不用安了
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel pcre expat-devel.x86_64 make -y
Installed:
expat-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.0-10.el7_3 gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7
Dependency Installed:
cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-292.el7
glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-292.el7 kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7
libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
Updated:
make.x86_64 1:3.82-24.el7
Dependency Updated:
glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-292.el7 glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-292.el7
libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
Complete!
- 在软件解压包目录下，去配置相关属性：
./configure \ 启用配置
–prefix=/usr/local/httpd \ 指定安装路径
–enable-so \ 核心模块功能开启
–enable-rewrite \ 开启重写功能，用于编辑防盗链等功能
–enable-charset-lite \ 开启字符集功能
–enable-cgi \ 开启识别不同的网关接口功能
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# ./configure \
> --prefix=/usr/local/httpd \
> --enable-so \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --enable-charset-lite \
> --enable-cgi
configure: summary of build options:
Server Version: 2.4.29
Install prefix: /usr/local/httpd
C compiler: gcc -std=gnu99
CFLAGS: -g -O2 -pthread
CPPFLAGS: -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE
LDFLAGS:
LIBS:
C preprocessor: gcc -E
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# 然后make编译
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# make
make makedb makedeltarpm makedumpfile
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# make
make[4]: Leaving directory `/opt/httpd-2.4.29/modules/mappers'
make[3]: Leaving directory `/opt/httpd-2.4.29/modules/mappers'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/opt/httpd-2.4.29/modules'
make[2]: Entering directory `/opt/httpd-2.4.29/support'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/opt/httpd-2.4.29/support'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/httpd-2.4.29'
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]#
接着make install 安装
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# make install
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/man
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/man/man1
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/man/man8
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/manual
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/httpd-2.4.29'
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]#
中间如果出现错错误，就需要重新查看错在哪里
此时已经安装好了，软件目录在/usr/local/httpd，
注意：手动编译安装的核心在配置两个文件，分别是主配置文件和启动脚本文件
先去配置脚本文件
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin etc games httpd include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
[root@localhost local]# cd httpd/
[root@localhost httpd]# ls
bin cgi-bin error icons lib man modules
build conf htdocs include logs manual
[root@localhost httpd]# cd htdocs/
[root@localhost htdocs]# ls
index.html '首页'
[root@localhost htdocs]# cd..
bash: cd..: command not found...
[root@localhost htdocs]# cd ..
[root@localhost httpd]# cd conf
[root@localhost conf]# ls
extra httpd.conf magic mime.types original '有主配置文件'
[root@localhost conf]#
[root@localhost conf]# cd ..
[root@localhost httpd]# ls
bin cgi-bin error icons lib man modules
build conf htdocs include logs manual
[root@localhost httpd]# cd bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ls
ab apu-1-config dbmmanage fcgistarter htdigest httxt2dbm
apachectl apxs envvars htcacheclean htpasswd logresolve
apr-1-config checkgid envvars-std htdbm httpd rotatelogs
[root@localhost bin]#
- 开始配置脚本
[root@localhost bin]# cp /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd //把/usr/local/httpd/bin/aoachectl 文件 复制到/etc/init.d/下，更名为httpd [root@localhost bin]# vim /etc/init.d/httpd //编辑脚本文件，增加注释信息 #!/bin/sh # chkconfig: 35 85 21 '增加 //35级别自动运行 第85个启动 第21个关闭' # description: Apache is a World Wide Web server '增加' # [root@localhost bin]# chkconfig --add httpd //把脚本文件加入到service服务器中，让service去管理 [root@localhost bin]# chkconfig --level 35 httpd on //这条命令是让httpd开启自启动，优先级别35，可设可不设
- 脚本配置完毕，接下来开始配置主配置文件[root@localhost bin]# cd ..
[root@localhost httpd]# ls
bin cgi-bin error icons lib man modules
build conf htdocs include logs manual
[root@localhost httpd]# cd conf/
[root@localhost conf]# pwd
/usr/local/httpd/conf
[root@localhost conf]# ln -s /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd.conf
//新建配置文件软连接到到/etc/目录下，便于去找
[root@localhost conf]#
- 修改配置文件[root@localhost conf]# vim /etc/httpd.conf
：set nu
51 Listen 192.168.247.147:80
52 #Listen 80
197 ServerName www.gsy.com:80
[root@localhost conf]# cd /usr/local/httpd/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ls
ab apu-1-config dbmmanage fcgistarter htdigest httxt2dbm
apachectl apxs envvars htcacheclean htpasswd logresolve
apr-1-config checkgid envvars-std htdbm httpd rotatelogs
[root@localhost bin]# ln -s /usr/local/httpd/bin/ /usr/local/bin/
//把安装目录/usr/local/httpd/bin/中的脚本软连接到/usr/local/bin下，便于使用，可以制表符补全
[root@localhost bin]#
- 查询验证是否加入到/bin中[root@localhost bin]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost bin]#
- 开启服务，关闭防火墙增强服务[root@localhost bin]# service httpd start
[root@localhost bin]#
[root@localhost bin]# netstat -natp | grep ‘httpd’
tcp 0 0 192.168.247.147:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16643/httpd
[root@localhost bin]#
[root@localhost bin]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost bin]# setenforce 0
- 可以修改首页信息
[root@localhost bin]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin etc games httpd include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
[root@localhost local]# cd httpd/
[root@localhost httpd]# ls
bin cgi-bin error icons lib man modules
build conf htdocs include logs manual
[root@localhost httpd]# cd htdocs/
[root@localhost htdocs]# ls
index.html
[root@localhost htdocs]# cat index.html
<html><body><h2>It works!</h2></body></html>
[root@localhost htdocs]# vim index.html
[root@localhost htdocs]# cat index.html
<html><body><h2>从萌新到小白</h2></body></html>
[root@localhost htdocs]#
显示结果如下，因为没有使用utf-8 字符集
# 三：安装MySQL
## 3.1 步骤一样，先去解压源码包
[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.26.tar.gz -C /opt
## 3.2 然后安装环境包
[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# yum install -y ncurses-devel autoconf cmake
已安装:
ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4
作为依赖被升级:
ncurses.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4
ncurses-base.noarch 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4
ncurses-libs.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4
已安装:
autoconf.noarch 0:2.69-11.el7 cmake.x86_64 0:2.8.12.2-2.el7
作为依赖被安装:
m4.x86_64 0:1.4.16-10.el7 perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7
完毕！
## 3.3 环境包安装完毕，接下来就开始配置属性
切换到源码包内可以发现到里面并没有configure脚本，有一个cmake脚本，这也就是为什么需要安装cmake环境包[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# cd /opt/mysql-5.6.26/
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# ls
BUILD dbug libmysqld regex unittest
BUILD-CMAKE Docs libservices scripts VERSION
client Doxyfile-perfschema man sql vio
cmake extra mysql-test sql-bench win
CMakeLists.txt include mysys sql-common zlib
cmd-line-utils INSTALL-SOURCE mysys_ssl storage
config.h.cmake INSTALL-WIN-SOURCE packaging strings
configure.cmake libevent plugin support-files
COPYING libmysql README tests
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DSYSCONFIDIR=/etc -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql/ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/home/mysql/mysql.sock
## 3.4 make编译，会很久
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# make
Scanning dependencies of target my_safe_process
[100%] Building CXX object mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/CMakeFiles/my_safe_process.dir/safe_process.cc.o
Linking CXX executable my_safe_process
[100%] Built target my_safe_process
## 3.5 接着make install
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# make install
— Installing: /usr/local/mysql/sql-bench/innotest2
— Installing: /usr/local/mysql/sql-bench/test-wisconsin
— Installing: /usr/local/mysql/sql-bench/compare-results
— Installing: /usr/local/mysql/sql-bench/bench-init.pl
## 3.6依旧是配置主配置文件和脚本文件
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp：是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"？ y
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# chkconfig –add /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# chkconfig –level 35 mysqld on
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
bin data include lib mysql-test scripts sql-bench
COPYING docs INSTALL-BINARY man README share support-files
[root@localhost mysql]# ln -s bin/* /usr/local/bin/
[root@localhost mysql]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
## 3.7 初始化数据库
[root@localhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql –ldata=/var/lib/mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/home/mysql
New default config file was created as /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings
WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system
This file will be read by default by the MySQL server
If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the
–defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server
## 3.8 接下来配置脚本文件
[root@localhost lib]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
45 basedir=/usr/local/mysql
46 datadir=/home/mysql
## 3.9 配置完毕，可以开启服务，查看接口
[root@localhost lib]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL SUCCESS!
[root@localhost lib]# netstat -natp | grep 3306
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 54080/mysqld
[root@localhost lib]#
# 四：安装PHP
## 4.1 安装依赖包，解压源码包
[root@localhost lib]# yum -y install gd libpng libpng-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel
[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# tar xjvf php-5.6.11.tar.bz2 -C /opt
## 4.2 然后切换到源码包内去配置属性[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# cd /opt/php-5.6.11/
[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# ls
configure pear sapi
里面是configure脚本文件
[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php5 –with-gd –with-zlib –with-apxs2=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php5 –enable-mbstring
Thank you for using PHP.
config.status: creating php5.spec
config.status: creating main/build-defs.h
config.status: creating scripts/phpize
config.status: creating scripts/man1/phpize.1
config.status: creating scripts/php-config
config.status: creating scripts/man1/php-config.1
config.status: creating sapi/cli/php.1
config.status: creating sapi/cgi/php-cgi.1
config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.1
config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.phar.1
config.status: creating main/php_config.h
config.status: executing default commands
## 4.3 然后make
[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# make
Build complete.
Don’t forget to run ‘make test’.
## 4.4 make install
[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# make install
Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php5/etc/pear.conf
You may want to add: /usr/local/php5/lib/php to your php.ini include_path
/opt/php-5.6.11/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php5/bin
ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php5/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/php5/include/php/ext/pdo/
## 4.5 编译安装结束，开始配置主配置文件和启动脚本
主配置文件此时安装目录内没有，需要从源码包内复制一份过去[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php5/php.ini
[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# ln -s /usr/local/php5/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
## 4.6 接下来需要配置httpd的配置文件，使apache 支持php[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# vim /etc/httpd.conf
256 DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
394 AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
395 AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
html网页
## 4.7 新建一个php网页
[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# cd /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/
[root@localhost htdocs]# ls -l
总用量 4
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 45 6月 12 2007 index.html
[root@localhost htdocs]# cp index.html index.php
[root@localhost htdocs]# vim index.php
[root@localhost htdocs]# cat index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@localhost htdocs]#
[root@localhost htdocs]# service httpd restart
[root@localhost htdocs]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
## 4.8 注意：
若是没有下面这一行，php需要重新安装
[root@localhost htdocs]# vim /etc/httpd.conf
156 LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so
# 五 ：安装一个论坛体验一波
## 5.1 创建mysql管理员[root@localhost /]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password "abc123"
Enter password:
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost /]#
## 5.2 设置bbs数据库[root@localhost /]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.26 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases
-> ;
+——————–+
| Database |
+——————–+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+——————–+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> create database bbs
-> ;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use bbs;
Database changed
mysql> show tables
-> ;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases
-> ;
+——————–+
| Database |
+——————–+
| information_schema |
| bbs |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+——————–+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all on bbs.* to ‘bbsuser’@’%’ identified by ‘admin123’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
安装论坛中
bbs 数据库 授权给bbsuser用户 @ % 百分号代表所有终端 flush 刷新数据库
## 5.4 解压bbs软件包[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# unzip Discuz_X2.5_SC_UTF8.zip -d /opt
Archive: Discuz_X2.5_SC_UTF8.zip
[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# cd /opt
[root@localhost opt]# ls
httpd-2.4.29 mysql-5.6.26 php-5.6.11 readme rh upload utility
[root@localhost opt]# cp -r upload /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbs
[root@localhost opt]# cd /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbs/
[root@localhost bbs]# ls
admin.php connect.php forum.php member.php search.php uc_server
api cp.php group.php misc.php source userapp.php
api.php crossdomain.xml home.php plugin.php static
archiver data index.php portal.php template
config favicon.ico install robots.txt uc_client
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R daemon ./config
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R daemon ./data
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R daemon ./uc_client
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R daemon ./uc_server/data
t@localhost bbs]# service httpd restart
## 5.5 在线安装bbs
### 5.5.1 点我同意
### 5.5.2 最下面，点击下一步
### 5.5.3 全新安装，点击下一步
### 5.5.4 按照最开始的配置去设置，下面的管理员密码是新创建的，得记牢
### 5.5.5 出现这个界面就重新输入地址进入首页
### 5.5.6 在服务器地址后面加/bbs/admin.php会到后台管理员登陆界面
