NewGL Basic Overview

New GL Basic Overview
[@more@]http://wiki.sdn.sap.com/wiki/display/ERPFI/NewGL+Basic+Overview

Objective of New GL

SAP has the following objectives behind the introduction of the New General Ledger:

• Efficiently handle Financial Reporting, according to both local and international accounting principles
• Facilitate increased convergence between financial and management accounting
• Considerably accelerate your period-end closings
• Flexibly perform reporting tasks based on data reconciled in real time
• An
  unified accounting structure that combines individual ledgers,
  cost-of-sales, profit-center-accounting & Consolidation-staging
  ledgers.

Advantages of New GL

• Introduction and portrayal
  of new business models within a single solution, thus avoiding separate
  ledgers like Cost of Sales Ledger, Profit Center Ledger, special
  purpose ledger etc.
• Data is stored in a single totals table eliminating data redundancy.
• No need for additional reconciliation activities during closing
• Easy
  to make adjustments to business specific requirements, such as the
  introduction of customer fields as part of flexible reporting.

Why use the NEW GL?

The following table gives the business requirements at the backend
which prompts the finance department of the comapny to go for NEW GL
implementation.

Each one of these functionality is unique and elaborate and has the
features ingrained to meet the different requirements emerging for the
external reporting purpose.

Concept of Ledger

A leading ledger is defined and additional ledgers are defined for
parallel accounting or management reporting by assigning different
characteristic values and fiscal-year definitions

Additional ledgers can be defined – Leading Ledger & Non-leading
ledgers are created and maintained, with only one accounting entry.

The new general ledger uses the special-purpose ledger techniques to save total values.

All Company Codes are assigned to a Leading ledger for each client,
which contains the group-valuation view. Additional ledgers can be
defined for each company code.

Additional ledgers can be used for parallel accounting or management
reporting by assigning different characteristic values and fiscal-year
definitions.

For general-ledger account postings that have a specified cost
center, the system always reconciles the profit center and
general-ledger account simultaneously, since the data is stored in the
same table.

Two views of the new General Ledger:

Ø Regular entry view &

Ø General-Ledger view

Real time integration

• Integration with Controlling
  • Transfer of cross-entity controlling postings to the new GL in real time.
• Integration with Asset Accounting
  • Depreciation postings are done to all the ledgers, with the concept of delta depreciation.
• Integration with Consolidation
  • Transfer
    of financial data to EC-CS, real time, as Business partners,
    Transaction types are defined at the time of GL Posting itself.
  • Extract / Transfer of data from GL to BI / CS.

Fast period end closing

Elimination of following activities

• Maintenance & use of Reconciliation Ledger
• Balance Sheet adjustment / P & L Adjustment
• Maintenance & use of Special Purpose ledger
• Segmental reporting is also available.
• Different ledgers are available to freely define management reporting too

Segment Reporting

• IAS/IFRS/US GAAP requires Segmental reporting.
• Segment is provided in addition to Business area / Profit center.
• It is one of the standard account assignment object available for running analyses of objects below the company code level.
• The objective is to give a detailed look at the various business activities (markets / products) at a broad based enterprise.

Parallel Accounting

• Parallel accounting can be done using the ledger approach instead as an alternative to the account approach.
• No additional account assignments are required as all account assignment components are defined as Scenarios for each ledger.
  

Document Splitting

Document splitting means the document is split according to the
proportions of the account assignments in the expense or revenue lines
of the original document. Examples: Cash discounts and realized
exchange rate differences are split according to the source document.

• Document-splitting is built at 2 technical points:
  • Document
    creation – The controlling functions in the SAP are updated accordingly
    and reconciled with the general-ledger accounting information
  • Accounting interface –
    • Account assignment projection – Account assignment are copied from base rows to target rows.
    • Inheritance – Subsequent process of business transaction such as clearing.
• It
  is a tool for determining missing account assignments according to
  cause in common accounting processes in SAP software (invoices,
  payments or clearing)
• It applies account-assignment information to non-assigned accounts according to assignment rules set in the customizing area.
• The functionality can help one to create balance sheets for entities that exist beyond the scope of the company code.

Example: Creation of balance sheets at the segment or
profit-center level or balance sheets based on company-specific or
industry-specific entities

New Tables

Three new tables in the new general ledger handle totals, store
general-ledger and specific line items, and calculate valuations for
year-end closings in parallel ledgers

Two new tables (FAGLFLEXA & FAGLFLEXP) store the ledger-specific
line items (Actual & Planned) & contain additional information
for use in the entry view. The tables help in updating different
characteristics and document splitting information, different period
shifts, and different currencies in specific ledgers for individual
documents. Helps in preparing reports for specific dimensions at item
level.

The third table (BSEG_ADD) contains documents that are posted in
connection with valuations for year-end closing in selected parallel
ledgers. However, these documents are inapplicable if one do not use
parallel accounting or use the accounting approach to portray parallel
accounting.

In addition to the three tables, own table can be defined using FAGLFLEXT as template

The new totals table contains additional standard fields for storing
totals. This standard table can activate support for many scenarios by
customizing the software. It supports Segment Reporting, Profit-Center
updating, Cost-of-Sales accounting, Cost-center updating, Preparation
for consolidation and Business-area updating

Customization

Customization of the NewGL is reusing the nodes of the original GL,
but now has additional branches. e.g. Ledgers. The shell transaction is
FAGL_FLEXGL_IMG.