grep命令
作用：从文本文件或管道数据流中筛选匹配的行及数据，配合正则表达式一起使用，功能更加强大。
格式:
grep [options] [pattern] [file]
１，匹配包含”downzz”的行
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ cat -n downzz.txt
my name is downzz
how are you
fine think you
My name is downzz
what’s your name?
my name is downzz2
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep “downzz” ghostwu.txt
my name is downzz
my name is downzz2
２，-v: 不包含，相当于取反
downzz@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -v “downzz” ghostwu.txt
how are you
fine think you
My name is downzz
what’s your name?
downzz@dev:~/linux/grep$
３，-n 添加行号
downzz@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -n “downzz” ghostwu.txt
1:my name is downzz
6:my name is downzz2
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -vn “downzz” ghostwu.txt
2:how are you
3:fine think you
4:My name is downzz
5:what’s your name?
7:
４，-E，使用扩展的egrep命令，模式中可以用正则表达式
downzz@dev:~/linux/grep$ cat downzz.txt
my name is downzz
how are you
fine think you
My name is downzz
what’s your name?
my name is downzz2
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -E “my|your” downzz.txt
my name is downzz
what’s your name?
my name is downzz2
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -Ev “my|your” downzz.txt
how are you
fine think you
My name is downzz
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -En “my|your” downzz.txt
1:my name is downzz
5:what’s your name?
6:my name is downzz2
５，-i选项，不区分大小写
downzz@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep “downzz” ghostwu.txt
my name is downzz
my name is downzz2
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -i “downzz” ghostwu.txt
my name is downzz
My name is downzz
my name is downzz2
６，-c :统计匹配的行数，不是匹配字符串的次数
downzz@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -c “downzz” ghostwu.txt
2
downzz@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -ci “downzz” ghostwu.txt
3
downzz@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -c “downzz” ghostwu.txt
2
downzz@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep “downzz” ghostwu.txt
my name is downzz, nice to meet you,downzz
my name is downzz2
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ cat -n downzz.txt
1 my name is downzz, nice to meet you,downzz
2 how are you
3 fine think you
4 My name is downzz
5 what’s your name?
6 my name is downzz2
7
７，-o: 只输出匹配到的字符串
downzz@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -o “downzz” ghostwu.txt
downzz
ghostwu
downzz@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -oi “downzz” ghostwu.txt
downzz
Ghostwu
downzz
８，-w: 只匹配过滤的单词，类似于精确匹配
downzz@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -w “downzz” ghostwu.txt
my name is downzz, nice to meet you,downzz
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -wi “downzz” ghostwu.txt
my name is downzz, nice to meet you,downzz
My name is downzz
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ cat -n downzz.txt
1 my name is downzz, nice to meet you,downzz
2 how are you
3 fine think you
4 My name is downzz
5 what’s your name?
6 my name is downzz2
7
９，常用的一招小技巧，去除文件的注释和空行，在运维中，可以用这条命令把配置文件的空行和注释去掉，然后用管道生成。这样配置文件比较容易查看和配置
downzz@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -Ev “^$|#” downzz.php
<?php
class Person {
public $name = ‘downzz’;
public $age = 20;
public function showinfo(){
echo $this->name . PHP_EOL;
echo $this->age. PHP_EOL;
}
}
downzz@dev:~/linux/grep$ cat -n downzz.php
1 <?php
2
3 class Person {
4
5 #人名
6 public $name = ‘downzz’;
7
8 #年龄
9 public $age = 20;
10
11 #显示信息
12 public function showinfo(){
13 echo $this->name . PHP_EOL;
14 echo $this->age. PHP_EOL;
15 }
16 }
：
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